However, from the beginning of the 19th century onwards, the Ottomans began to weaken and join World War I on the Central Alliance side in order to save their position. Sultan Suleiman I in the game Civilization V () Mustafa Kemal, the 1st president of Republic of Turkey () The power and glory of the Ottoman empire reached its peak in the 16th and 17th centuries, especially during the reign of Suleiman I the Great. In 1453, sultan Mehmed II conquered the capital Constantinople and officially put an end to the Byzantine empire. Beginning in the late 13th century, the kingdom of sultan Osman I became the Ottoman empire and began to unite the Turks, bringing them to their Golden age. The Mongol horseshoes in 1243 divided the Anatolia region into many smaller kingdoms. The Seljuk Turks began migrating to this area in the 11th century, and their victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 marked the formation of Turkey, converting Anatolia from a mainly Christian and Greek region into a Muslim and Turkish region. The Hellenisation process began in the time of Alexander the Great and lasted until the Byzantine empire. Then there were the Assyrian, Greek, Thracian, Urartia and Armenian civilizations that in turn existed in this area. The first major empire in the region was established by the Hittites, starting from the 18th century BC. The key position between Europe and Asia makes Turkey an extremely important geo-strategic position. Turkey is a transcontinental country, mostly located in West Asia and a small part located in Southeast Europe.
That is why the crescent moon symbol on its national flag carries many different layers of meaning. Located at the crossroad of Europe and Asia, Turkey has always been influenced by many different cultures throughout its course of history.
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